DIKW model: data, information, knowledge, and wisdom.

Data.

Observations of properties, events, and environment. Data poessesses no intrinsic value or meaning. Ephemeral.

Information.

Answers to who, what, when, and how many. Ages quickly. Inferred from data; mostly different in purpose/amount, maybe context.

Knowledge.

Know-how. Turns information into instruction for the purposes of control. Longer-living, but also decays. Increases efficiency.

Wisdom.

Adds value, increases effectiveness (efficiency toward value). Permanent.

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  1. Russell Ackoff, “Learning and Legacy of Dr. W. Edwards Deming - Continuous Improvement,” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqEeIG8aPPk. (See notes.)